> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://private-7c7dfe99-mintlify-8a08bda2.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

> Documentation for SET Statement

# SET Statement

```sql theme={null}
SET param = value
```

Assigns `value` to the `param` [setting](/concepts/features/configuration/settings/overview) for the current session. You cannot change [server settings](/reference/settings/server-settings/settings) this way.

You can also set all the values from the specified settings profile in a single query.

```sql theme={null}
SET profile = 'profile-name-from-the-settings-file'
```

For boolean settings set to true, you can use a shorthand syntax by omitting the value assignment. When only the setting name is specified, it is automatically set to `1` (true).

```sql theme={null}
-- These are equivalent:
SET force_index_by_date = 1
SET force_index_by_date
```

<h2 id="set-time-zone">
  SET TIME ZONE
</h2>

```sql theme={null}
SET TIME ZONE [=] 'timezone'
```

Sets the session time zone. This is an alias for `SET session_timezone = 'timezone'`, provided for compatibility with PostgreSQL and other SQL databases.

Many SQL clients, ORMs, and JDBC drivers automatically issue `SET TIME ZONE` when connecting. This syntax allows such tools to work with ClickHouse without custom workarounds.

```sql theme={null}
SET TIME ZONE 'UTC';
SET TIME ZONE 'Europe/Amsterdam';
SET TIME ZONE 'America/New_York';

-- Verify the current session time zone
SELECT getSetting('session_timezone');
```

The timezone value must be a valid name from the [IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones). An invalid timezone name will result in an error.

For more information about the `session_timezone` setting, see [session\_timezone](/reference/settings/session-settings#session_timezone).

<h2 id="setting-query-parameters">
  Setting query parameters
</h2>

The `SET` statement can also be used to define query parameters by prefixing the parameter name with `param_`.
Query parameters allow you to write generic queries with placeholders that are replaced with actual values at execution time.

```sql theme={null}
SET param_name = value
```

To use a query parameter in your query, reference it with the syntax `{name: datatype}`:

```sql theme={null}
SET param_id = 42;
SET param_name = 'John';

SELECT * FROM users
WHERE id = {id: UInt32}
AND name = {name: String};
```

Query parameters are particularly useful when the same query needs to be executed multiple times with different values.

For more detailed information about query parameters, including usage with the `Identifier` type, see [Defining and Using Query Parameters](/reference/syntax#defining-and-using-query-parameters).

For more information, see [Settings](/reference/settings/session-settings).